Imirasire y'izuba ni imbaraga nyinshi cyane ku isi.Irashobora gufatwa no gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, kandi nkisoko yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, nigice cyingenzi cyingufu zacu zizaza.

Ingufu z'izuba ni iki?Ibyingenzi byingenzi

• Imirasire y'izuba ituruka ku zuba kandi irashobora gufatwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye, cyane cyane imirasire y'izuba
• “Ingaruka ya Photovoltaque” nuburyo bukoresha imirasire y'izuba ya silicon ikoresha ingufu z'izuba kandi ikabyara amashanyarazi
• Urashaka kwifashisha ingufu z'izuba wenyine?Injira mumasoko ya EnergySage kugirango ugereranye imirongo yizuba kumitungo yawe

Imirasire y'izuba: ni iki kandi ikora ite?

Izuba ntirikora ibirenze umubumbe wacu kuruta gutanga urumuri kumanywa - buri gice cyumucyo wizuba (cyitwa foton) kigera kwisi kirimo ingufu zitwika umubumbe wacu.Imirasire y'izuba niyo soko ntangarugero ishinzwe gahunda zose z'ikirere n'amasoko y'ingufu ku isi, kandi imirasire y'izuba ihagije igera ku isi buri saha kugirango yuzuze mu buryo bw'igitekerezo ingufu z'isi dukeneye mu gihe cy'umwaka wose.

Izo mbaraga zose zituruka he?Izuba ryacu, kimwe ninyenyeri iyo ari yo yose muri galaxy, ni nka reaction nini nini.Byimbitse mu zuba, reaction ya nucleaire itanga ingufu nyinshi ziva hanze yizuba no mukirere muburyo bwumucyo nubushyuhe.

Imirasire y'izuba irashobora gukoreshwa no guhindurwa ingufu zikoreshwa hifashishijwe amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.Nubwo ingufu z'izuba zifite gusa umubare muto w'ingufu zikoreshwa ku isi hose, igiciro cyo kugabanuka cyo gushyira imirasire y'izuba bivuze ko abantu benshi kandi benshi ahantu henshi bashobora kwifashisha ingufu z'izuba.Imirasire y'izuba ni umutungo w'ingufu zisukuye, ushobora kuvugururwa, n'imibare kugira uruhare runini mugihe kizaza cy'ingufu ku isi.

Gukoresha ingufu z'izuba ku mbaraga zikoreshwa

Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha ingufu zituruka ku zuba.Inzira ebyiri nyamukuru zo gukoresha ingufu zituruka ku zuba ni ifoto yifotora hamwe no gufata izuba.Photovoltaics iramenyerewe cyane mumishinga mito mito mito (nko gushyiramo imirasire y'izuba ituye), kandi gufata amashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba mubisanzwe bikoreshwa gusa mumashanyarazi kumunzani munini mugukoresha izuba.Usibye kubyara amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe buke butandukanye bwimishinga yumuriro wizuba birashobora gukoreshwa mubushuhe no gukonjesha.

Imirasire y'izuba ni imwe mu masoko yihuta cyane kandi ahendutse cyane ku isi, kandi azakomeza gukwirakwira vuba mu myaka iri imbere.Hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ry’izuba ritera imbere buri mwaka, inyungu zubukungu bwizuba ziratera imbere, byiyongera kubidukikije byo guhitamo isoko yingufu zisukuye, zishobora kuvugururwa.

Imirasire y'izuba ya Photovoltaque

Inzira isanzwe kubafite imitungo bakoresha ingufu zizuba ni hamwe nizuba ryamashanyarazi (PV).Hamwe na sisitemu ya PV yizuba, imirasire yizuba ihindura urumuri rwizuba mumashanyarazi ishobora gukoreshwa ako kanya, ikabikwa muri bateri yizuba, cyangwa ikoherezwa mumashanyarazi kugirango ubone inguzanyo kumafaranga yawe.

Imirasire y'izuba ihindura ingufu z'izuba mumashanyarazi akoreshwa binyuze mubikorwa bizwi nkingaruka ya Photovoltaque.Imirasire y'izuba yinjira yibikoresho bya semiconductor (mubisanzwe silicon) ikomanga electroni irekuye, ikabishyira mukigenda kandi ikabyara amashanyarazi ashobora gufatwa ninsinga.Uyu muyoboro uzwi nkumuriro utaziguye (DC) kandi ugomba guhindurwa mumashanyarazi asimburana (AC) ukoresheje inverteri yizuba.Ihinduka rirakenewe kuko amashanyarazi yo muri Amerika akora akoresheje amashanyarazi ya AC, kimwe nibikoresho byinshi byamashanyarazi murugo.

Imirasire y'izuba irashobora gufatwa ku munzani myinshi ukoresheje amashanyarazi, kandi gushiraho imirasire y'izuba ni uburyo bwubwenge bwo kuzigama amafaranga kuri fagitire y'amashanyarazi mugihe ugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bicanwa bitavugururwa.Ibigo binini n’ibikorwa by’amashanyarazi birashobora kandi kungukirwa n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba mu gushyiramo imirasire y'izuba nini ishobora gukora amashanyarazi cyangwa gutanga amashanyarazi kuri gride y'amashanyarazi.

Ubushyuhe bw'izuba

Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gukoresha ingufu zizuba nugufata ubushyuhe buturuka kumirasire yizuba bitaziguye kandi ugakoresha ubwo bushyuhe muburyo butandukanye.Imirasire y'izuba ifite imikoreshereze yagutse kuruta sisitemu yo gufotora, ariko gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kubyara amashanyarazi ku munzani muto ntabwo ari byiza nko gukoresha amashanyarazi.

Hariho ubwoko butatu rusange bwingufu zumuriro wizuba zikoreshwa: ubushyuhe buke, bukoreshwa mubushuhe no gukonjesha;ubushyuhe bwo hagati, bukoreshwa mu gushyushya amazi;n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bukoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi.

Imirasire y'izuba ifite ubushyuhe buke burimo gushyushya no gukonjesha nkuburyo bwo kurwanya ikirere.Urugero rwubu bwoko bwimikoreshereze yizuba ni muburyo bwo kubaka izuba.Mubintu byubatswe kugirango bikoreshe ingufu zituruka kumirasire y'izuba, imirasire yizuba yemerewe kuba ahantu hashyuha kugirango hashyushye ahantu kandi bigahagarikwa mugihe akarere gakeneye gukonja.

Ubushyuhe bwo hagati yubushyuhe bwizuba burimo sisitemu yo gushyushya amazi ashyushye.Mu mazi ashyushye yizuba, ubushyuhe buturuka ku zuba bufatwa nabaterankunga hejuru yinzu yawe.Ubu bushyuhe bwimurirwa mumazi anyura mu miyoboro y'urugo rwawe kugirango udakenera gushingira kuburyo busanzwe bwo gushyushya amazi, nka hoteri zamazi zikoreshwa na peteroli cyangwa gaze.

Sisitemu yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yizuba ikoresha ingufu zitanga amashanyarazi murwego runini.Mu muriro w'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, indorerwamo zibanda ku mirasire y'izuba ku miyoboro irimo amazi ashobora gufata ingufu z'ubushyuhe neza.Aya mazi ashyushye arashobora noneho gukoreshwa kugirango amazi ahindurwe, noneho irashobora guhindura turbine ikabyara amashanyarazi.Ubu bwoko bw'ikoranabuhanga bakunze kwita ingufu z'izuba.

Koresha ingufu z'izuba kumitungo yawe

Inzira nziza kubafite imitungo kugiti cyabo yo kuzigama amafaranga ningufu zizuba nugushiraho urugo rwamafoto yizuba.Kugirango ubone sisitemu iboneye kubiciro bikwiye, ugomba guhaha kumasoko ya Solar Solar.Nyuma yo kwiyandikisha, uzakira izuba ryubusa kubisabwa byujuje ibyangombwa, byabanje kugenzurwa nizuba hafi yawe.Urebye ibivugwa muri pome yacu kuri pome ni uburyo bwiza bwo gusobanukirwa ibyatanzwe no kugereranya ibipimo byingenzi nkibikenewe byingufu byujujwe nigiciro kuri watt.