Mubisanzwe, tugabanya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque muri sisitemu yigenga, sisitemu ihuza gride na sisitemu ya Hybrid.Niba ukurikije uburyo bwo gusaba bwa sisitemu yizuba yizuba, igipimo cyo gusaba nubwoko bwimitwaro, sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi irashobora kugabanwa muburyo burambuye.Sisitemu ya Photovoltaque irashobora kandi kugabanywamo ubwoko butandatu bukurikira: sisitemu ntoya yizuba (SmallDC);sisitemu yoroshye ya DC (SimpleDC);amashanyarazi akomeye y'izuba (LargeDC);Sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi AC na DC (AC / DC);sisitemu ihujwe na sisitemu (UtilityGridConnect);Sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi (Hybrid);Sisitemu ihuza imiyoboro ya sisitemu.Ihame ryakazi nibiranga buri sisitemu byasobanuwe hano hepfo.
1. Imirasire y'izuba ntoya (SmallDC)
Ikiranga iyi sisitemu nuko hariho DC umutwaro gusa muri sisitemu kandi imbaraga zumutwaro ni nto.Sisitemu yose ifite imiterere yoroshye kandi ikora byoroshye.Imikoreshereze yingenzi ni sisitemu yo murugo rusange, ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya gisivili DC nibikoresho byimyidagaduro bijyanye.Kurugero, ubu bwoko bwa sisitemu ya Photovoltaque ikoreshwa cyane mukarere k'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu cyanjye, kandi umutwaro ni itara rya DC kugirango rikemure ikibazo cyo gucana urugo mubice bidafite amashanyarazi.
2. Sisitemu yoroshye ya DC (SimpleDC)
Ikiranga sisitemu nuko umutwaro muri sisitemu ari umutwaro wa DC kandi nta kintu cyihariye gisabwa cyo gukoresha igihe cyumutwaro.Umutwaro ukoreshwa cyane cyane kumunsi, kubwibyo nta bateri cyangwa umugenzuzi muri sisitemu.Sisitemu ifite imiterere yoroshye kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butaziguye.Ibikoresho bya Photovoltaque bitanga ingufu mumitwaro, bikuraho ibikenerwa kubika ingufu no kurekura muri bateri, kimwe no gutakaza ingufu muri mugenzuzi, no kunoza imikoreshereze yingufu.
3 Imirasire y'izuba nini nini (LargeDC)
Ugereranije na sisitemu ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru, iyi sisitemu yo gufotora iracyakenewe kuri sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya DC, ariko ubu bwoko bwamashanyarazi yizuba mubusanzwe bufite imbaraga nini ziremereye.Kugirango tumenye neza ko umutwaro ushobora gutangwa mu buryo bwizewe n'amashanyarazi atajegajega, sisitemu ijyanye nayo Igipimo nacyo ni kinini, gisaba icyerekezo kinini cya fotovoltaque module hamwe na bateri nini yizuba.Impapuro zisanzwe zikoreshwa zirimo itumanaho, telemetrie, kugenzura ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi, gutanga amashanyarazi hagati mucyaro, itara rya beacon, amatara yo kumuhanda, nibindi 4 AC, DC itanga amashanyarazi (AC / DC)
Bitandukanye na sisitemu eshatu zavuzwe hejuru yizuba, iyi sisitemu ya Photovoltaque irashobora gutanga ingufu kumitwaro ya DC na AC icyarimwe.Kubireba imiterere ya sisitemu, ifite inverter nyinshi kuruta sisitemu eshatu zavuzwe haruguru kugirango ihindure ingufu za DC imbaraga za AC.Icyifuzo cyumutwaro wa AC.Mubisanzwe, imizigo yingufu zikoreshwa muburyo bwa sisitemu ni nini, bityo igipimo cya sisitemu nacyo kinini.Ikoreshwa muri sitasiyo zimwe zitumanaho zifite imitwaro ya AC na DC hamwe nandi mashanyarazi yamashanyarazi afite imitwaro ya AC na DC.
Sisitemu 5 ihuza sisitemu (UtilityGridConnect)
Ikintu kinini kiranga ubu bwoko bwa sisitemu yifoto yizuba ni uko ingufu za DC zakozwe numurongo wamafoto wamashanyarazi zihindurwamo ingufu za AC zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa numuyoboro wamashanyarazi na enterineti ihujwe na enterineti, hanyuma igahita ihuzwa numuyoboro wingenzi.Muri sisitemu ihujwe na sisitemu, imbaraga zitangwa na PV array ntabwo zitangwa gusa kuri AC Hanze yumutwaro, imbaraga zirenze zisubizwa kuri gride.Mu minsi y'imvura cyangwa nijoro, mugihe ifoto ya fotokoltaque idatanga amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi yabyaye ntashobora guhaza imitwaro, bizakoreshwa na gride.
Sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya Hybrid (Hybrid)
Usibye gukoresha imirasire y'izuba ya module, ubu bwoko bwa sisitemu yifoto yizuba ikoresha na moteri ya mazutu nkisoko yinyuma.Intego yo gukoresha sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ni ugukoresha byimazeyo ibyiza byikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ryamashanyarazi no kwirinda ibitagenda neza.Kurugero, ibyiza bya sisitemu yigenga yavuzwe haruguru yigenga ni bike cyane, ariko ibibi nuko ingufu zituruka ku kirere kandi ntigihungabana.Ugereranije na sisitemu imwe yigenga yingufu, sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ikoresha moteri ya mazutu hamwe na fotokoltaque irashobora gutanga ingufu zidashingiye kubihe.Ibyiza byayo ni:
1. Gukoresha sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi arashobora kandi kugera kumikoreshereze myiza yingufu zishobora kubaho.
2. Ifite sisitemu yo hejuru ishoboka.
3. Ugereranije na sisitemu imwe rukumbi ya moteri ya mazutu, ifite kubungabunga bike kandi ikoresha lisansi nke.
4. Gukoresha peteroli nyinshi.
5. Guhindura neza guhuza imitwaro.
Sisitemu ya Hybrid ifite amakosa yayo:
1. Igenzura riragoye.
2. Umushinga wambere ni munini.
3. Irasaba kubungabunga byinshi kuruta sisitemu yihariye.
4. Umwanda n'urusaku.
7. Sisitemu yo guhuza amashanyarazi ya Hybrid (Hybrid)
Hamwe niterambere ryinganda zikoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, habayeho uburyo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi akomatanya amashanyarazi ashobora gukoresha byimazeyo amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, imiyoboro n'imashini za peteroli.Ubu bwoko bwa sisitemu busanzwe buhujwe nubugenzuzi na inverter, ukoresheje chip ya mudasobwa kugirango ugenzure neza imikorere ya sisitemu yose, ukoresheje byimazeyo amasoko atandukanye yingufu kugirango ugere kumikorere myiza, kandi irashobora no gukoresha bateri kugirango irusheho kunoza u sisitemu yumutwaro wo gutanga ingufu zingwate, nka sisitemu ya SMD inverter ya AES.Sisitemu irashobora gutanga imbaraga zujuje imizigo yaho kandi irashobora gukora nka UPS kumurongo (amashanyarazi adahagarara).Irashobora kandi gutanga ingufu kuri gride cyangwa kubona ingufu muri gride.
Uburyo bwo gukora bwa sisitemu mubisanzwe ni ugukora ugereranije numuyoboro nizuba.Ku mizigo yaho, niba ingufu z'amashanyarazi zakozwe na module ya Photovoltaque ihagije kumutwaro, izakoresha mu buryo butaziguye ingufu z'amashanyarazi zakozwe na module ya fotokoltaque kugirango itange ibyifuzo byumutwaro.Niba imbaraga zitangwa na module ya Photovoltaque irenze icyifuzo cyumutwaro uhita, imbaraga zirenze zishobora gusubizwa kuri gride;niba imbaraga zitangwa na moderi ya Photovoltaque idahagije, imbaraga zingirakamaro zizahita zikora, kandi imbaraga zingirakamaro zizakoreshwa mugutanga ibyifuzo byumutwaro waho.Iyo ingufu zikoreshwa mumitwaro ziri munsi ya 60% yubushobozi bwateganijwe bwa moteri ya SMD inverter, imiyoboro izahita yishyuza bateri kugirango barebe ko bateri imeze igihe kirekire;niba imiyoboro yananiwe, imbaraga zamashanyarazi zirananirana cyangwa imbaraga zingenzi Niba ubuziranenge butujuje ibyangombwa, sisitemu izahita ihagarika amashanyarazi kandi ihindure imikorere yigenga.Batare na inverter bitanga ingufu za AC zisabwa numutwaro.
Imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zimaze gusubira mubisanzwe, ni ukuvuga, voltage na frequency byagaruwe muburyo busanzwe bwavuzwe haruguru, sisitemu izahagarika bateri kandi ihindure imikorere ya gride ihuza imikorere, ikoreshwa numuyoboro.Muri sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zahujwe na sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi, kugenzura sisitemu, kugenzura no gukusanya amakuru bishobora no guhuzwa muri chip yo kugenzura.Ibice byingenzi bigize iyi sisitemu ni umugenzuzi na inverter.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-26-2021