Inkuba nimpamvu isanzwe itera kunanirwa muri Photovoltaque (PV) na sisitemu yumuyagankuba.Kwiyongera kwinshi kurashobora guturuka kumurabyo ukubita intera ndende ya sisitemu, cyangwa no hagati yibicu.Ariko ibyinshi byangiza inkuba birashobora kwirindwa.Hano hari bumwe mu buhanga buhenze cyane busanzwe bwemerwa nabashinzwe amashanyarazi, bushingiye kuburambe bwimyaka.Kurikiza iyi nama, kandi ufite amahirwe menshi yo kwirinda kwangirika kwumurabyo kuri sisitemu yawe ishobora kuvugururwa (RE).
Gira ishingiro
Gutaka ni tekinike yibanze yo kurinda inkuba.Ntushobora guhagarika inkuba, ariko urashobora kuyiha inzira itaziguye y'ubutaka irenga ibikoresho byawe by'agaciro, kandi ikarekura neza isi.Inzira y'amashanyarazi igana hasi izahora isohora amashanyarazi ahamye yegeranye muburyo bwo hejuru.Akenshi, ibi birinda gukurura inkuba ahantu hambere.
Abafata inkuba hamwe nuburinzi bwa surge bagenewe kurinda ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bakuramo amashanyarazi.Ariko, ibyo bikoresho ntabwo bisimbuza ubutaka bwiza.Bakora gusa bifatanije nubutaka bwiza.Sisitemu yubutaka nigice cyingenzi cyibikorwa remezo byawe.Shyira mbere cyangwa mugihe insinga z'amashanyarazi zashizweho.Bitabaye ibyo, iyo sisitemu imaze gukora, iki kintu cyingenzi ntigishobora na rimwe kugenzurwa kurutonde rwa "gukora".
Intambwe ya mbere mubutaka ni ukubaka inzira isohoka kubutaka muguhuza (guhuza) ibyuma byose byubatswe mubyuma hamwe nuruzitiro rwamashanyarazi, nkibikoresho bya PV module, ibyuma byubaka, niminara itanga umuyaga.Amategeko y’igihugu y’amashanyarazi (NEC), ingingo ya 250 n’ingingo ya 690.41 kugeza 690.47 yerekana ingano y’insinga, ibikoresho, na tekinike.Irinde kugunama gukabije mu nsinga zubutaka - hejuru yumuvuduko mwinshi ntukunda guhindukirira inguni kandi birashobora gusimbuka byoroshye.Witondere byumwihariko kumugozi wumuringa kubintu bya aluminiyumu (cyane cyane amakadiri ya PV).Koresha umuhuza wanditseho "AL / CU" hamwe nicyuma gifata ibyuma, bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kwangirika.Insinga zubutaka zumuzingi wa DC na AC nazo zizahuzwa niyi sisitemu yo hasi.(Reba kuri Code Corner ingingo kuri PV array ishingiye kuri HP102 na HP103 kugirango ubone izindi nama.)
Inkoni
Intege nke cyane mubikorwa byinshi ni uguhuza isi ubwayo.Nyuma ya byose, ntushobora guterura umugozi kuri iyi si!Ahubwo, ugomba gushyingura cyangwa ku nyundo inkoni yicyuma, itabora (muri rusange umuringa) mubutaka, kandi ukareba neza ko igice kinini cyubuso bwacyo gihuza ubutaka (bivuze ubushuhe).Ubu buryo, iyo amashanyarazi ahamye cyangwa umuvuduko umanutse kumurongo, electron zirashobora gutemba mubutaka hamwe nuburwanya buke.
Muburyo busa nuburyo umurima wamazi ukwirakwiza amazi, ibikorwa byubutaka bigabanya electron.Niba umuyoboro wamazi udasohoka bihagije mubutaka, habaho gusubira inyuma.Iyo electron zisubiye inyuma, zisimbuka icyuho (zikora arc amashanyarazi) kumashanyarazi yawe, binyuze mubikoresho byawe, hanyuma noneho ikajya hasi.
Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, shyiramo uburebure bwa metero 2 cyangwa nyinshi (2,4 m), 5/8-santimetero (16 mm) inkoni zometseho umuringa, byaba byiza mu butaka butose.Inkoni imwe mubusanzwe ntabwo ihagije, cyane cyane kubutaka bwumutse.Mu bice ubutaka bwumutse cyane, shyiramo inkoni nyinshi, ubishyire hagati ya metero 6 na metero 3 hanyuma ubihuze hamwe ninsinga z'umuringa zambaye ubusa, zishyinguwe.Ubundi buryo ni uguhamba # 6 (13 mm2), kabiri # 8 (8 mm2), cyangwa insinga nini y'umuringa yambaye ubusa mu mwobo byibuze metero 30 z'uburebure..Huza impera imwe ya buri nsinga zashyinguwe kuri sisitemu yo hasi.
Gerageza guhuza igice cya sisitemu ahantu huzuye amazi, nkaho aho igisenge kiva cyangwa aho ibimera bigomba kuvomerwa.Niba hari icyuma gifata neza hafi, urashobora kugikoresha nk'inkoni y'ubutaka (kora ihuza rikomeye, rifatanye n'ikibaho).
Mu bihe bitose, ibirenge bya beto byubatswe nubutaka- cyangwa inkingi, cyangwa umunara utanga umuyaga, cyangwa inkoni zubutaka zifunze muri beto ntabwo bizatanga ubutaka bwiza.Muri ibi bibanza, ubusanzwe beto ntizitwara neza kurusha ubutaka butose buzengurutse ibirenge.Niba aribyo, shyira inkoni yubutaka kwisi kuruhande rwa beto munsi yumurongo wa array, cyangwa munsi yumunara wawe utanga umuyaga no kuri buri musore wicyuma, hanyuma ubahuze byose hamwe ninsinga zambaye ubusa, zishyinguwe.
Mu kirere cyumutse cyangwa cyumutse, ibinyuranye nukuri ni ukuri - ibirenge bifatika bishobora kuba bifite ubushuhe burenze ubutaka bukikije, kandi bigatanga amahirwe yubukungu yo guhagarara.Niba uburebure bwa metero 20 (cyangwa ndende) rebar igomba gushirwa muri beto, rebar ubwayo irashobora kuba inkoni y'ubutaka..
Niba utazi neza uburyo bwiza bwo gushingira aho uherereye, vugana numugenzuzi wawe wamashanyarazi mugihe cyo gushushanya sisitemu yawe.Ntushobora kugira ishingiro ryinshi.Ahantu humye, koresha amahirwe yose kugirango ushyireho inkoni zubutaka zirenze urugero, insinga zashyinguwe, nibindi. Kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika, koresha ibyuma byemewe gusa kugirango uhuze inkoni zubutaka.Koresha umuringa ucamo ibice kugirango ugabanye insinga zubutaka bwizewe.
Imashanyarazi
Kubaka insinga, NEC isaba uruhande rumwe rwa sisitemu ya DC guhuza - cyangwa "guhuza" - hasi.Igice cya AC cya sisitemu nayo igomba kuba ishingiye muburyo busanzwe bwa sisitemu iyo ari yo yose ihujwe..Ni ngombwa ko DC mbi na AC bitagira aho bibogamiye bihujwe kubutaka kumwanya umwe gusa muri sisitemu zabo, kandi byombi kugeza kumwanya umwe muri sisitemu yo hasi.Ibi bikorerwa kumwanya wo hagati.
Abakora ibintu bimwe-bigamije, sisitemu yonyine (nka pompe yamazi yizuba hamwe na radio isubiramo) barasaba kudahagarika amashanyarazi.Reba amabwiriza yakozwe nuwaguhaye ibyifuzo byihariye.
Array Wiring & "Twisted Pair" Tekinike
Array wiring igomba gukoresha uburebure bwa wire, bwinjijwe mubyuma.Insinga nziza kandi mbi igomba kuba ifite uburebure bungana, kandi igakorerwa hamwe igihe cyose bishoboka.Ibi bizagabanya kwinjiza voltage ikabije hagati yabatwara.Umuyoboro w'icyuma (ushingiye) nawo wongeyeho urwego rwo kurinda.Gushyingura insinga ndende zo hanze aho kuyikoresha hejuru.Umugozi wiruka kuri metero 30 cyangwa zirenga ni nka antene - izakira imishwarara ndetse no mu nkuba mu bicu.Ibisa nkibi birashobora kugaragara nubwo insinga zashyinguwe, ariko abayishyizeho benshi bemeza ko insinga zoherejwe zashyinguwe bikomeza kugabanya inkuba.
Ingamba yoroshye yo kugabanya kwibasirwa nubushakashatsi ni "tekinike ihindagurika" tekinike, ifasha kuringaniza no guhagarika ingufu zose zatewe hagati yabatwara bombi cyangwa benshi.Birashobora kugorana kubona umugozi wamashanyarazi ukwiye umaze kugoreka, dore rero icyo gukora: Shyira insinga z'amashanyarazi hasi.Shyiramo inkoni hagati y'insinga, hanyuma uzungurukire hamwe.Buri metero 30 (10 m), hinduranya icyerekezo.(Ibi biroroshye cyane kuruta kugerageza kugoreka intera yose mucyerekezo kimwe.) Imyitozo yingufu irashobora rimwe na rimwe gukoreshwa muguhindura insinga nazo, bitewe nubunini bwinsinga.Gusa shimangira impera zicyuma mumashanyarazi hanyuma ureke ibikorwa byimyitozo bigoreke insinga hamwe.Witondere gukora imyitozo kumuvuduko muto ushoboka niba ugerageza ubu buhanga.
Umugozi wubutaka ntugomba guhindurwa ninsinga zamashanyarazi.Kubikorwa byo gushyingura, koresha insinga z'umuringa zambaye ubusa;niba ukoresha umuyoboro, koresha insinga zubutaka hanze yumuyoboro.Iyindi mikoreshereze yisi izamura imiterere ya sisitemu.
Koresha umugozi uhindagurika kubitumanaho ibyo aribyo byose cyangwa kugenzura (kurugero, umugozi ureremba kugirango uhagarike tank yuzuye ya pompe yamazi yizuba).Uru rugozi ruto ruto ruraboneka byoroshye muburyo bwabanjirije kugoreka, byinshi, cyangwa insinga imwe.Urashobora kandi kugura insinga ikingiwe-kabili ikingiwe, ifite icyuma cyuma kizengurutse insinga zigoramye, kandi mubisanzwe insinga itandukanye, yambaye ubusa.Kuramo umugozi wa kabili hanyuma usukure insinga kumutwe umwe gusa, kugirango ukureho amahirwe yo gukora umugozi wubutaka (inzira itaziguye yerekeza kubutaka) muri wiring.
Kurinda Inkuba
Usibye ingamba nini zo guhaguruka, ibikoresho byihariye byo gukingira byihuta hamwe (birashoboka) inkoni zirasabwa kurubuga rufite kimwe mubihe bikurikira:
• Ahantu hitaruye ahantu hirengeye ahantu hakomeye
• Ubutaka bwumutse, butare, cyangwa ubundi butwara nabi
• Umugozi ukora uburebure bwa metero 30
Abafata Inkuba
Abafata umurabyo (surge) bagenewe gukurura imishwarara ya voltage iterwa ninkubi y'umuyaga (cyangwa imbaraga zidasanzwe zidasanzwe), kandi ikemerera neza umuvuduko ukuraho insinga z'amashanyarazi nibikoresho byawe.Kurinda kubaga bigomba gushyirwaho kumpande zombi za wire ndende ikora ihuza igice icyo aricyo cyose cya sisitemu, harimo imirongo ya AC kuva muri inverter.Abafata bikozwe kuri voltage zitandukanye kuri AC na DC.Witondere gukoresha abatawe muri yombi kugirango usabe.Abashiraho sisitemu benshi basanzwe bakoresha abata muri yombi ba Delta surge, bahendutse kandi batanga uburinzi aho iterabwoba ryumurabyo riba rito, ariko ibi bice ntibikiri UL kurutonde.
Abafata PolyPhaser na Transtector nibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge ku mbuga zikunda inkuba hamwe n’ibikoresho binini.Ibice biramba bitanga uburinzi bukomeye no guhuza hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwa sisitemu ya voltage.Ibikoresho bimwe bifite ibipimo byerekana uburyo bwo gutsindwa.
Inkuba
"Inkuba" ni ibikoresho bisohora ibintu bishyirwa hejuru yinyubako hamwe nizuba ryamashanyarazi, kandi bigahuzwa nubutaka.Zigamije gukumira iyubakwa ryamafaranga ahamye hamwe amaherezo ionisiyoneri yikirere gikikije.Barashobora gufasha gukumira imyigaragambyo, kandi barashobora gutanga inzira yumuyaga mwinshi cyane hasi niba imyigaragambyo ibaye.Ibikoresho bigezweho ni spike-shusho, akenshi ifite ingingo nyinshi.
Inkoni zo kumurika zikoreshwa gusa kurubuga rufite umuyaga ukabije w'amashanyarazi.Niba utekereza ko urubuga rwawe ruri muriki cyiciro, shaka umushoramari ufite uburambe mukurinda inkuba.Niba sisitemu ya sisitemu itari yujuje ibyangombwa, tekereza kugisha inama inzobere mu kurinda inkuba mbere yuko sisitemu ishyirwaho.Niba bishoboka, hitamo akanama ko muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru gafite ibyemezo byemewe (NABCEP) byemewe na PV ushyiraho (reba Kwinjira).Nubwo iki cyemezo kidasanzwe cyo kurinda inkuba, birashobora kwerekana urwego rwimikorere yubushobozi muri rusange.
Bitagaragara, Ntabwo Biturutse Mubitekerezo
Imirimo myinshi yo gukingira inkuba irashyinguwe, kandi itagaragara.Kugirango ufashe kwemeza ko bikorwa neza, andika mumasezerano yawe (s) hamwe na sisitemu ya sisitemu, amashanyarazi, moteri, imashini ikora amazi, driller, cyangwa umuntu wese ukora imirimo yubutaka izaba irimo sisitemu yo hasi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-10-2020