Imirasire y'izuba imara igihe kingana iki?

Imirasire y'izuba ituwe akenshi igurishwa hamwe ninguzanyo ndende cyangwa ubukode, ba nyiri amazu bagirana amasezerano yimyaka 20 cyangwa irenga. Ariko paneli imara igihe kingana iki, kandi irashobora kwihangana gute?

Ubuzima bwibibaho biterwa nibintu byinshi, harimo ikirere, ubwoko bwa module, hamwe na sisitemu ya racking yakoreshejwe, nibindi. Mugihe nta "itariki yanyuma" yihariye kumwanya umwe, gutakaza umusaruro mugihe gikunze guhatira ibikoresho kuruhuka.

Mugihe uhitamo niba uzakomeza akanama kawe gukora imyaka 20-30 mugihe kizaza, cyangwa gushakisha kuzamura icyo gihe, kugenzura urwego rusohoka nuburyo bwiza bwo gufata icyemezo kibimenyeshejwe.

Gutesha agaciro

Igihombo cy'umusaruro mugihe, cyitwa degradation, mubusanzwe kigera kuri 0.5% buri mwaka, nkuko bitangazwa na Laboratoire yigihugu ishinzwe ingufu (NREL).

Ababikora mubisanzwe batekereza kumyaka 25 kugeza 30 aho byagaragaye ko kwangirika bihagije aho bishobora kuba igihe cyo gutekereza gusimbuza akanama. NREL yavuze ko inganda zikoreshwa mu gukora garanti ari imyaka 25 kuri module izuba.

Urebye igipimo cya 0.5% igipimo cyo guta agaciro buri mwaka, akanama kamaze imyaka 20 gashobora gutanga hafi 90% yubushobozi bwacyo bwa mbere.

Ubwiza bwikibaho bushobora kugira ingaruka ku gipimo cyo gutesha agaciro. NREL ivuga ko abakora ibicuruzwa bihebuje nka Panasonic na LG bafite igipimo cya 0.3% ku mwaka, mu gihe ibicuruzwa bimwe bitesha agaciro ku gipimo cya 0.80%. Nyuma yimyaka 25, iyi paneli yambere irashobora gutanga 93% yumusaruro wambere, kandi urugero-rwohejuru rushobora gutanga 82.5%.

(Soma: “Abashakashatsi basuzuma iyangirika muri sisitemu ya PV irengeje imyaka 15“)

Igice kinini cyo gutesha agaciro biterwa nikintu cyitwa gishobora guterwa no kwangirika (PID), ikibazo cyahuye na bamwe, ariko siko bose. PID ibaho mugihe ikibaho cyumubyigano wamashanyarazi hamwe no gutembera kwimodoka ya ion igenda muri module hagati yibikoresho bya semiconductor nibindi bintu bigize module, nkikirahure, umusozi, cyangwa ikadiri. Ibi bitera imbaraga za module ubushobozi bwo kugabanuka, mubihe bimwe bigaragara.

Bamwe mubakora uruganda rwubaka panne hamwe nibikoresho birwanya PID mubirahuri byabo, encapsulation, hamwe nimbogamizi zo gukwirakwiza.

Ikibaho cyose nacyo kibabazwa nikintu cyitwa kwangirika kwumucyo (LID), aho paneli itakaza imikorere mumasaha yambere yo guhura nizuba. LID iratandukana muburyo butandukanye bitewe nubwiza bwa silikoni ya silicon, ariko mubisanzwe bivamo igihombo kimwe, 1-3% mugukora neza nkuko byatangajwe na laboratoire ya PVEL, PV Evolution Labs.

Ikirere

Guhura nikirere nikintu nyamukuru gikora muburyo bwo kwangirika. Ubushyuhe ni ikintu cyingenzi muburyo bwigihe-cyo gukora no gutesha agaciro igihe. Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bugira ingaruka mbi kumikorere no gukora neza byamashanyarazi,nk'uko NREL ibivuga.

Mugenzuye urupapuro rwabayikoze, coefficente yubushyuhe irashobora kuboneka, bizerekana ubushobozi bwumwanya wo gukora mubushyuhe bwinshi.

Coefficient isobanura uburyo imikorere-nyayo yatakaye kuri buri dogere selisiyusi yiyongereye hejuru yubushyuhe busanzwe bwa dogere selisiyusi 25. Kurugero, coeffisente yubushyuhe bwa -0.353% bivuze ko kuri buri dogere selisiyusi iri hejuru ya 25, 0.353% yubushobozi bwose bwo gutakaza.

Ubushyuhe bwo guhanahana ibintu butesha agaciro inzira yiswe cycling cycling. Iyo hashyushye, ibikoresho biraguka, kandi iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse, baragabanuka. Uru rugendo rutera buhoro buhoro microcrack zibaho mumwanya mugihe, kugabanya umusaruro.

Mu mwakaIcyiciro cy'amanota yo kwiga, PVEL yasesenguye imishinga 36 yizuba ikora mubuhinde, isanga ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa no kwangirika kwubushyuhe. Ugereranyije buri mwaka kwangirika kwimishinga kwageze kuri 1.47%, ariko imirongo iherereye mukarere gakonje, imisozi yangiritse hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyikigereranyo, kuri 0.7%.

Kwishyiriraho neza birashobora gufasha gukemura ibibazo bijyanye nubushyuhe. Ibibaho bigomba gushyirwaho santimetero nke hejuru yinzu, kugirango umwuka wa convective ushobora gutembera munsi no gukonjesha ibikoresho. Ibikoresho bifite ibara ryoroshye birashobora gukoreshwa mubwubatsi kugirango bigabanye ubushyuhe. Kandi ibice nka inverter hamwe na combiners, imikorere yayo yunvikana cyane nubushyuhe, igomba kuba ahantu h'igicucu,yatanze igitekerezo CED Greentech.

Umuyaga nubundi ikirere gishobora gutera ingaruka mbi zuba. Umuyaga ukaze urashobora gutera guhindagurika, bita dinamike yumutwaro. Ibi kandi bitera microcrack mumwanya, kugabanya ibisohoka. Ibisubizo bimwe bya racking byateguwe ahantu h’umuyaga mwinshi, birinda panne imbaraga zikomeye zo kuzamura no kugabanya microcracking. Mubisanzwe, urupapuro rwabashinzwe gukora ruzatanga amakuru kumuyaga mwinshi akanama gashobora kwihanganira.

Ni nako bigenda kuri shelegi, ishobora gupfundika panne mugihe cyumuyaga mwinshi, kugabanya umusaruro. Urubura rushobora kandi gutera umutwaro wubukanishi, gutesha agaciro imbaho. Ubusanzwe, urubura ruzanyerera hejuru yikibaho, kuko cyoroshye kandi kigashyuha, ariko hamwe na hamwe nyirurugo ashobora gufata icyemezo cyo gukuraho urubura kurubaho. Ibi bigomba gukorwa neza, nkuko gushushanya ikirahure hejuru yikibaho byagira ingaruka mbi kumusaruro.

(Soma: “Inama zo kugumisha imirasire y'izuba hejuru yinzu hejuru yigihe kirekire“)

Gutesha agaciro nigice gisanzwe, kidashobora kwirindwa mubuzima bwikibaho. Kwishyiriraho neza, gusiba neza urubura, no gusukura neza witonze birashobora gufasha mubisohoka, ariko amaherezo, imirasire yizuba ni tekinoroji idafite ibice byimuka, bisaba kubungabungwa bike.

Ibipimo

Kugirango itsinda runaka rishobore kubaho igihe kirekire kandi rikore nkuko byateganijwe, rigomba kwipimisha ibipimo kugirango byemezwe. Akanama gakorerwa ibizamini bya komisiyo mpuzamahanga ishinzwe amashanyarazi (IEC), bikurikizwa kuri mono- na polycrystalline.

IngufuSage yavuzepanne igera kuri IEC 61215 igeragezwa kubiranga amashanyarazi nkumuyaga utemba, hamwe no kurwanya insulation. Bakorerwa ibizamini byubushakashatsi bwumuyaga na shelegi, hamwe nikizamini cyikirere kigenzura intege nke ahantu hashyushye, guhura na UV, ubukonje-bukonje, ubushyuhe butose, ingaruka zurubura, nibindi bigaragara hanze.

IEC 61215 iragena kandi ibipimo byerekana imikorere yikizamini mugihe gisanzwe cyibizamini, harimo coefficient yubushyuhe, voltage yumuzunguruko, n’umuriro mwinshi.

Mubisanzwe bigaragara kurupapuro rwerekana urupapuro ni kashe ya Laboratoire ya Underwriters (UL), nayo itanga ibipimo nibizamini. UL ikora ibizamini byo mu kirere no gusaza, kimwe na gamut yuzuye y'ibizamini byumutekano.

Kunanirwa

Kunanirwa kw'izuba bibaho ku gipimo gito. NRELyakoze ubushakashatsiya sisitemu zirenga 50.000 zashyizwe muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika na 4.500 kwisi yose hagati yimyaka 2000 na 2015. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ikigereranyo cyo gutsindwa hagati ya paneli 5 kuri 10,000 buri mwaka.

Kunanirwa kwitsinda ryateye imbere cyane mugihe, kuko byagaragaye ko sisitemu yashyizweho hagati ya 1980 na 2000 yerekanaga igipimo cyatsinzwe kabiri nyuma yitsinda 2000.

(Soma: “Ibiranga imirasire y'izuba hejuru mubikorwa, kwiringirwa no mubwiza“)

Sisitemu yo kumanura gake yitirirwa kunanirwa kumwanya. Mubyukuri, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na kWh Analytics bwerekanye ko 80% yigihe cyose cyizuba cyizuba biterwa nigisubizo cyananiranye, igikoresho gihindura amashanyarazi ya DC kuri AC ikoreshwa. pv ikinyamakuru kizasesengura imikorere ya inverter mugice gikurikira cyuruhererekane.