Bateri zuba zituye zimara igihe kingana iki

Kubika ingufu zo gutura byahindutse ibintu bizwi cyane izuba ryurugo. A.ubushakashatsi bwa SunPowermu ngo zirenga 1.500 basanze Abanyamerika bagera kuri 40% bahangayikishijwe n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi buri gihe. Mu babajijwe ubushakashatsi batekereje cyane ku zuba ry’ingo zabo, 70% bavuze ko bateganya gushyiramo uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za batiri.

Usibye gutanga ingufu zokugarura mugihe cyacitse, bateri nyinshi zahujwe nikoranabuhanga ryemerera gahunda yubwenge yo gutumiza no kohereza ingufu hanze. Intego ni ukuzamura agaciro k'izuba murugo. Kandi, bateri zimwe zashyizwe mubikorwa kugirango zihuze amashanyarazi yumuriro.

Raporo yagaragaje ko ikibazo gikomeye cy’abaguzi bagaragaza ko bashishikajwe n’ububiko kugira ngo batange izuba ryonyine, ibyo bikaba byerekana koyagabanije igipimo cyo gupima netbarimo guca intege ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, amashanyarazi asukuye. Abaguzi bagera kuri 40% bavuze ko kwitanga ari impamvu yo kubona ibicuruzwa byabitswe, bivuye kuri munsi ya 20% mu 2022.

Ikigereranyo cy’umugereka wa batiri mu mishinga y’izuba ituye cyazamutse cyane mu 2020 ku gipimo cya 8.1% cy’imirasire y’izuba ituwe na batiri nk'uko byatangajwe na Laboratoire y’igihugu ya Lawrence Berkeley, naho mu 2022 icyo gipimo cyazamutse hejuru ya 17%.

Ubuzima bwa bateri

Ibihe bya garanti birashobora gutanga isura yubushakashatsi hamwe nababikora bategereje ubuzima bwa bateri. Ibihe bya garanti isanzwe ni hafi imyaka 10. Uwitekagarantikuri Batiri ya Enphase IQ, kurugero, irangira kumyaka 10 cyangwa 7.300 cycle, icyaricyo cyose kibanza.

Imirasire y'izuba Sunrunatibateri zirashobora kumara ahantu hose hagati yimyaka 5-15. Ibyo bivuze ko umusimbura ashobora gukenerwa mugihe cyimyaka 20-30 yubuzima bwizuba.

Icyizere cyo kubaho kwa bateri ahanini giterwa nizunguruka. Nkuko bigaragazwa na garanti yibicuruzwa bya LG na Tesla, ibipimo byubushobozi bwa 60% cyangwa 70% byemewe binyuze mumibare runaka yishyurwa.

Babiri bakoresha ssenarios itwara uku gutesha agaciro: kwishyuza ibirenze no kwishyuza,ikigo cya Faraday. Kurenza urugero nigikorwa cyo gusunika amashanyarazi muri bateri yuzuye. Gukora ibi birashobora gutuma hashyuha cyane, cyangwa birashoboka gufata umuriro.

Amashanyarazi ya trickle arimo inzira aho bateri ikomeza kwishyurwa kugeza 100%, kandi byanze bikunze igihombo kibaho. Gutaka hagati ya 100% no munsi ya 100% gusa birashobora kuzamura ubushyuhe bwimbere, kugabanya ubushobozi nubuzima.

Faraday yavuze ko indi mpamvu itera kwangirika igihe ari ukubura lithium-ion zigendanwa muri bateri. Imyitwarire kuruhande muri bateri irashobora gutega lithium yubusa ikoreshwa, bityo igabanya ubushobozi buhoro buhoro.

Mugihe ubushyuhe bukonje bushobora guhagarika bateri ya lithium-ion gukora, ntabwo isuzugura bateri cyangwa ngo igabanye ubuzima bwayo bwiza. Muri rusange ubuzima bwa bateri, ariko, bwagabanutse ku bushyuhe bwinshi, Faraday. Ni ukubera ko electrolyte yicaye hagati ya electrode isenyuka ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, bigatuma bateri itakaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara Li-ion. Ibi birashobora kugabanya umubare wa Li-ion electrode ishobora kwemera muburyo bwayo, bikagabanya ubushobozi bwa batiri ya lithium-ion.

Kubungabunga

Birasabwa na Laboratwari yigihugu ishinzwe kongera ingufu (NREL) gushyira bateri ahantu hakonje, humye, byaba byiza igaraje, aho ingaruka zumuriro (ntoya, ariko itari zeru) irashobora kugabanywa. Batteri nibiyikikije bigomba kugira umwanya ukwiye kugirango bikonje, kandi kugenzura buri gihe birashobora kugufasha mugukora neza.

NREL yavuze ko igihe cyose bishoboka, irinde gusohora cyane bateri, kuko uko isohoka, igihe gito cyo kubaho. Niba bateri yo murugo isohotse cyane burimunsi, birashobora kuba igihe cyo kongera ingano ya banki.

NREL yavuze ko bateri zikurikirana zigomba kubikwa ku giciro kimwe. Nubwo banki yose ya batiri ishobora kwerekana muri rusange volt 24, harashobora kuba voltage zitandukanye muri bateri, zidafite akamaro kanini kurinda sisitemu yose mugihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, NREL yasabye ko ingingo zukuri za voltage zashyizweho kugirango zishyurwe hamwe nubushakashatsi, nkuko byagenwe nuwabikoze.

NREL yavuze ko ubugenzuzi bugomba kubaho kenshi, nabwo. Bimwe mubintu ugomba gushakisha birimo kumeneka (kwiyubaka hanze ya bateri), urwego rwamazi akwiye, hamwe na voltage ingana. NREL yavuze ko buri ruganda rukora bateri rushobora kugira ibyifuzo byinyongera, bityo kugenzura kubungabunga no kumpapuro zamakuru kuri bateri ni imyitozo myiza.