Ubuzima bwumuhinzi buri gihe bwabaye bumwe mubibazo bikomeye kandi bigoye.Ntabwo ari uguhishura kuvuga muri 2020 hari ibibazo byinshi kuruta mbere hose kubuhinzi ninganda muri rusange.Impamvu zabo ziragoye kandi ziratandukanye, kandi ukuri kwiterambere ryikoranabuhanga no kwisi yose byakunze kongerwaho ibigeragezo mubuzima bwabo.
Ariko ntishobora kwirengagizwa ibintu nkibi nabyo byazanye inyungu nyinshi mubuhinzi.Nubwo rero inganda zireba imyaka icumi ifite inzitizi zikomeye zo kubaho kuruta mbere hose, hariho n'amasezerano y’ikoranabuhanga rishya riza gukoreshwa cyane.Ikoranabuhanga rishobora gufasha abahinzi kudakomeza gusa, ariko gutera imbere.Imirasire y'izuba nigice cyingenzi cyiyi dinamike nshya.
Kuva muri 1800 kugeza 2020
Impinduramatwara mu nganda yatumye ubuhinzi bukora neza.Ariko kandi byazanye iherezo ryububabare bwubukungu bwabanje.Uko ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere ryemerera gusarura gukorwa vuba ariko ku kiguzi cya pisine.Gutakaza akazi biturutse ku guhanga udushya mu buhinzi byabaye ibintu bisanzwe kuva icyo gihe.Ibintu nk'ibi bishya no guhindura abahinzi b'icyitegererezo bariho bakunze kwakira no kwangwa ku rugero rumwe.
Muri icyo gihe, uburyo ibisabwa ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bikora nabyo byarahindutse.Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yashize ubushobozi bw’ibihugu bya kure byo gucuruza ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi ntibyari byashobokaga muri buri buryo - byari bigoye cyane.Uyu munsi (kwemerera ingaruka icyorezo cya coronavirus cyashyize mubikorwa byigihe gito) guhanahana ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi kwisi yose bikorwa byoroshye kandi byihuta bitari gutekerezwa mubihe byashize.Ariko ibi nabyo byakunze gushyira igitutu gishya kubahinzi.
Nibyo, nta gushidikanya ko bamwe bungukiwe-kandi bungukirwa cyane nimpinduka nkiyi - kuko imirima itanga ibicuruzwa byo ku rwego rwisi "isuku nicyatsi" ubu bifite isoko mpuzamahanga ryohereza hanze.Ariko kubagurisha ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, cyangwa ugasanga isoko mpuzamahanga ryujuje ababagana imbere mubicuruzwa bimwe bagurisha, inzira yo gukomeza inyungu ihamye umwaka nuwumwaka byabaye ingorabahizi.
Ubwanyuma, inzira nkiyi ntabwo ari ibibazo kubahinzi gusa, ahubwo nabandi bose.Cyane cyane abo mu bihugu byabo.Biteganijwe ko imyaka iri imbere izabona isi ihindagurika bitewe n’ibintu byinshi, atari bike muri byo bigenda byiyongera by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.Ni muri urwo rwego, ahanini buri gihugu kizahura n’ingutu nshya mu gushaka kwihaza mu biribwa.Biteganijwe ko kubaho mu buhinzi ari umwuga ukomeye kandi icyitegererezo cy’ubukungu kizagenda cyihutirwa, mu karere ndetse no ku isi yose.Hano niho izuba rishobora kuba ikintu cyingenzi kijya imbere.
Imirasire y'izuba nk'umukiza?
Ubuhinzi bw'izuba (AKA “agrophotovoltaics” na “ubuhinzi bukoreshwa kabiri”) butuma abahinzi bashirahoimirasire y'izubazitanga uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu zabo gukoresha neza, no kuzamura ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhinga.Ku bahinzi bafite uduce duto cyane cyane - nkuko bikunze kugaragara mu Bufaransa - ubuhinzi bw’izuba butanga uburyo bwo kwishyura fagitire y’ingufu, kugabanya imikoreshereze y’ibicanwa, no guhumeka ubuzima bushya mu bikorwa bisanzwe.
Mubyukuri, ukurikije ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu myaka yashize, UbudageIkigo cya Fraunhofermugukurikirana ibikorwa byubushakashatsi mukarere ka Lake Constance mugihugu, agrophotovoltaque yongereye umusaruro wubuhinzi ku kigero cya 160% mugihe ugereranije nigikorwa kitakoreshejwe kabiri mugihe kimwe.
Kimwe ninganda zizuba muri rusange, agrophotovoltaque ikomeza kuba muto.Ariko, hamwe nubushakashatsi bumaze gukora kwisi yose, habaye imishinga myinshi yo kugerageza mubufaransa, Ubutaliyani, Korowasiya, USA, ndetse nahandi.Ubwinshi bwibihingwa bishobora gukura munsi yizuba ryizuba ni (bituma habaho itandukaniro ryaho, ikirere, nikirere) birashimishije cyane.Ingano, ibirayi, ibishyimbo, kale, inyanya, swiss chard, nibindi byose byakuze neza munsi yizuba.
Ibihingwa ntibikura neza gusa nkibi byashizweho ahubwo birashobora kubona igihe cyikura ryabyo bitewe nuburyo bwiza bwo gutanga inshuro ebyiri, bitanga ubushyuhe bwiyongera mugihe cyimbeho nikirere gikonje mugihe cyizuba.Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu karere ka Maharashtra mu Buhinde bwerekanyeumusaruro wibihingwa bigera kuri 40% hejurutubikesha kugabanuka kwimyuka no kugicucu cyinyongera ya agrophotovoltaics yatanzwe.
Igice nyacyo cy'ubutaka
Nubwo hari byinshi byiza byoguhuza mugihe duhuza inganda zizuba nubuhinzi hamwe, hari ibibazo kumuhanda ujya imbere.Nka Gerald Leach
, Intebe yaIhuriro ry’abahinzi ba VictorianKomite ishinzwe imicungire y’ubutaka, itsinda riharanira inyungu z’abahinzi muri Ositaraliya ryatangarije ikinyamakuru Solar Magazine,Ati: "Muri rusange, VFF ishyigikiye iterambere ry’izuba, mu gihe cyose itanyuranyije n'ubutaka bw'ubuhinzi bufite agaciro kanini, nko mu turere two kuhira."
Ibyo na byo, “VFF yizera ko kugira ngo byoroherezwe gahunda iteza imbere izuba ry’izuba ku butaka bw’imirima, imishinga minini itanga amashanyarazi kuri gride igomba gusaba igenamigambi no kwemeza kugira ngo hatabaho ingaruka zitateganijwe.Dushyigikiye abahinzi babasha gushyiraho imirasire y'izuba kugirango bakoreshe ubwabo babishoboye badasabye uruhushya. ”
Kuri Bwana Leach, ubushobozi bwo guhuza imirasire y'izuba n'ubuhinzi n'inyamaswa biriho nabyo birashimishije.
Dutegereje iterambere mu buhinzi bw’izuba butuma imirasire y’izuba n’ubuhinzi bibana, hamwe n’inyungu hagati y’ubuhinzi n’inganda.
Ati: "Hariho iterambere ryinshi ryizuba, cyane cyane ryigenga, aho intama zizerera hagati yizuba.Inka nini cyane kandi zishobora kwangiza imirasire y'izuba, ariko intama, mugihe uhishe insinga zose zitagerwaho, nibyiza kugirango ibyatsi bigabanuke hagati yibibaho. ”
Byongeye kandi, nka David Huang, umuyobozi wumushinga kubateza imbere ingufuIngufu zo mu majyepfoyatangarije ikinyamakuru Solar Magazine, ati: "Kwicara mu muriro w'izuba birashobora kuba ingorabahizi kubera ko ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi mu turere dukunda gusaba ko havugururwa kugira ngo bishyigikire inzibacyuho.Kwinjiza ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi mu buhinzi bw'izuba nabyo bizana ibintu bigoye mu gishushanyo mbonera, n'imikorere n'imicungire y'umushinga ”, kandi bikurikije:
Gusobanukirwa neza ningaruka zamafaranga hamwe ninkunga ya leta kubushakashatsi bwambukiranya imipaka bifatwa nkibikenewe.
Nubwo igiciro cyizuba muri rusange kigabanuka rwose, ikigaragara ni uko ubuhinzi bw’izuba bushobora kuguma buhenze - cyane cyane iyo bwangiritse.Mugihe imbaraga nogukingira byashyizweho kugirango hirindwe ko bishoboka, kwangiriza inkingi imwe gusa birashobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye.Ikibazo gishobora kuba ingorabahizi kwirinda ibihe byigihe mugihe umuhinzi agikeneye gukoresha ibikoresho biremereye hafi yubushakashatsi, bivuze ko impinduka imwe itari yo yimodoka ishobora guhungabanya gahunda zose.
Ku bahinzi benshi, igisubizo cyiki kibazo cyabaye kimwe mubishyirwa.Gutandukanya imirasire y'izuba n'utundi turere tw’ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi birashobora kubona zimwe mu nyungu nziza z’ubuhinzi bw’izuba zabuze, ariko zitanga umutekano w’inyongera zikikije imiterere.Ubu bwoko bwimiterere burabona ubutaka bwibanze bugenewe guhinga gusa, hamwe nubutaka bwunganira (bwurwego rwa kabiri cyangwa urwego rwa gatatu aho ubutaka butaba bukungahaye ku ntungamubiri) bukoreshwa mugushiraho izuba.Gahunda nkiyi irashobora gutuma ihungabana ryibikorwa byose byubuhinzi bigabanuka.
Guhindura ubundi buhanga bugenda bugaragara
Mu kumenya neza amasezerano izuba rifite mu buhinzi mu bihe biri imbere, ntitwakwirengagiza ko ubundi buhanga bugera ahabereye bizaba ikibazo cyamateka yisubiramo.Iterambere riteganijwe mu ikoreshwa rya Artific Intelligence (AI) murwego ni urugero rwingenzi rwibi.Nubwo urwego rwa robo rukaba rutaratera imbere bihagije kuburyo tubona robot zifite ubuhanga buhanitse zizerera kumitungo yacu yitabira imirimo y'amaboko, rwose turahindukira muricyo cyerekezo.
Ikirenze ibyo, Indege zitagira abapilote (drone ya AKA) zimaze gukoreshwa mu mirima myinshi, kandi biteganijwe ko ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora imirimo myinshi itandukanye mugihe kizaza buziyongera gusa.Ni ubuhe butumwa nyamukuru mu gusuzuma ejo hazaza h’inganda z’ubuhinzi, abahinzi bagomba gushaka kumenya ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere ku nyungu zabo - cyangwa ibyago byo kubona inyungu zabo bigakorwa n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga.
Ibiteganijwe imbere
Ntabwo ari ibanga ahazaza h’ubuhinzi hazabona iterabwoba rishya ribangamiye kubaho.Ibi ntibiterwa gusa n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, ahubwo ni ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.Muri icyo gihe, ikoranabuhanga riratera imbere nubwo, guhinga mu gihe kizaza bizakenera-byibuze imyaka myinshi iri imbere niba atari burundu-hakenewe ubumenyi bwabantu.
SolarMagazine.com -Imirasire y'izuba, iterambere n'ubushishozi.
Gucunga umurima, fata ibyemezo byubuyobozi, ndetse rwose no guhanga amaso umuntu amahirwe cyangwa ikibazo kubutaka AI itarashobora gukora muburyo bumwe.Ikindi ni uko, uko imbogamizi ziri mu muryango mpuzamahanga zigenda ziyongera mu myaka iri imbere bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’izindi mpamvu, guverinoma yemera ko hagomba gushyigikirwa izindi nzego z’ubuhinzi nazo.
Nibyo, niba ibyahise arikintu cyose kigomba kunyuramo ntikizakemura ibibazo byose cyangwa ngo gikureho ibibazo byose, ariko bivuze ko hazabaho imbaraga nshya mugihe gikurikira cyubuhinzi.Imwe aho izuba ritanga imbaraga zidasanzwe nkikoranabuhanga ryingirakamaro kandi hakenewe umutekano muke wibiribwa ni ngombwa.Imirasire y'izuba yonyine ntishobora gukiza inganda zubuhinzi zigezweho - ariko rwose irashobora kuba igikoresho gikomeye mugufasha kubaka igice gishya kuri yo mugihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-03-2021